Both chartered and licensed firms and other businesses that seek special advantages through regulation therefore tend to lobby legislators and regulators, creating additional pressure for policies that will prevent new competitors from entering the market, as well as policies preventing customers from turning to alternatives to their products. (The latter end is often accomplished under the guise of "consumer protection.") In a democracy, the new regulations must be presented to the general public as "pro-consumer" (or, in some cases, "pro-labor") or as an attempt to clean up real or imagined abuses. Nevertheless, most of the impetus for these measures usually comes from those businesspersons who hope to employ the political means to protect or increase their profits. In U. S. history, this pattern has been well documented by historians such as Gabriel Kolko (p. 4.11:139). Such lobbying efforts would be futile, of course, were the principle of intervention not already accepted. They are facilitated by the close personal relationships between regulators and business leaders, described on p. 5.4:52.