Either X
b <
tY
a (Case 1), or else X
b
tY
a (Case 2).
Case 1 (X
b <
tY
a): Let

X
a be any positive quantity less than X
b.
Let
Yb =
Xa/t. (Thus t =
Xa/
Yb.)
Therefore 0 <
Yb =
Xa/t < Xb/t < (tYa)/t = Ya.
Case 2 (X
b
tY
a): Let

Y
b be any positive quantity less than Y
a.
Let
Xa = t
Yb. (Thus t =
Xa/
Yb.)
Therefore 0 <
Xa = t
Yb < tYa
Xb. 